The Genetic Underpinnings of Monogamy

A range of hormones and neurotransmitters influences our feelings of desire, attraction, and attachment to partners throughout our lives. Commonly known chemicals such as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, adrenaline, testosterone, and estrogen play crucial roles. However, two key substances—oxytocin, often referred to as the "cuddle chemical," and vasopressin, known as the "monogamy hormone"—are essential for forming deep emotional connections. Research indicates that vasopressin is particularly linked to male monogamy; studies demonstrate that introducing vasopressin into the brains of animals encourages them to seek out long-term pair bonds. Conversely, blocking vasopressin receptors leads to a tendency towards non-monogamous behavior.

A gene termed RS3 334 has been identified, which modulates vasopressin levels. While the precise mechanisms remain unclear, it appears that this gene may inhibit vasopressin production, rendering individuals with the RS3 334 gene less likely to engage in monogamous relationships. Essentially, RS3 334 is viewed as a non-monogamy gene, potentially predisposing individuals—including humans—to pursue multiple partners, engage in serial monogamy, or prefer being single.

The Three Variants of RS3 334

The RS3 334 gene manifests in three forms in humans: one copy, two copies, or none. A study conducted in Sweden analyzed the relationship styles of 552 participants to assess how this gene influenced their romantic lives. Findings revealed that men with two copies of the RS3 334 gene struggled significantly with commitment and rated low on their willingness to form lasting pair bonds. In contrast, men without the gene exhibited strong desires for monogamous relationships, while those with one copy fell in between. Additionally, men possessing the RS3 334 gene were more likely to remain unmarried, with those holding two copies being the least inclined to commit.

It is crucial to recognize that non-monogamy is a valid lifestyle choice. Personally, I believe that monogamy is a personal decision, and being single is equally acceptable. Many individuals are perfectly content living alone.

Beyond romantic connections, RS3 334 influences our overall trust in others, suggesting that our capacity to trust individuals outside of romantic contexts may also be shaped by genetic factors.

Practical Considerations of Genetic Influences

What implications arise from these findings? It’s important to note that monogamy carries no inherent moral value; it is merely a matter of personal choice. While some individuals prefer remaining single, others may choose to have one partner or multiple partners, all of which are valid as long as all parties are consenting adults. As polyamory gains broader acceptance in our increasingly open society, these genetic insights may inform personal decisions regarding relationship styles. When asked whether humans are inherently monogamous, many experts in the field respond, “Sometimes.”

We may find ourselves monogamous at times and non-monogamous at others—this variability is simply part of the human experience. The decision regarding what type of relationship style suits an individual should be left to personal preference. For those contemplating polyamory, I recommend exploring my insights on considerations before embracing this lifestyle.

It's worth noting that even though men in the study exhibited lower levels of commitment and satisfaction in long-term relationships, all participants had been in committed partnerships for at least five years. This duration suggests that some may remain in relationships out of social or personal obligation rather than genuine desire, which is an important factor to reflect upon.

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